Accounting for Interperson Differences

Variability (Genetic, Epigenetic & Environmental)
Uncertainty (Parameter & Decision)
Heterogeneity (Groupings)

Propiomelanocortin (POMC)

Beta-Endorphins -> Opiod System | Cushings
ACTH -> Stress Axis | Small (Oat) Cell Ca
MSH -> Cosmic Stress? :) | Pregnancy

Glial Cells

Astrocytes -> Neuroectoderm -> Matrix
Oligodendrocytes -> Neuroectoderm -> Myelination
Microglia -> Monocytes -> Phagocytosis

Renal Calculi: Pareto Distribution

Oxalate-80%
Ammonium-15%
Uric-5%

Plasma Membrane->Arachidonic Acid->Eicosanoids

COX: [PGD2/PGE2/PGF2]=vd+ed, PGI2=vd+pd, TXA2=vc+pa
5-LOX: 5-HETE/LTB4=chtx, LTC4/D4/E4=vc+bs+vp
12-LOX: LXA4/B4=vd+in.chtx+monocyte adh

Gallstone (Cholesterol Precipitation)

Cholesterol
Bile Acids
Phosphatidylcholine

Human Multidrug Resistance (MDR1) Gene

Transmembrane
ATP-dependent efflux (and influx?) pump
MDR1

ACE Inhibitors (1st line in Combined ...)

Anatomical -> Inhibit Remodeling of Damaged Myocardium
Pathological -> Prevent Deterioration of Ventricular Function
Etiological -> Reduce Blood Pressure

Anti-Metabolites (Analogues)

Folic acid: Trimethoprim, Methotrexate & Pyrimethamine
Purines:
Pyrimidines:

ARV's

ARV-1 -> Host Cell Kinase -> Nucleotide Analogue
ARV-2 -> Viral Kinase -> Host Cell Kinase
Host Cell Kinases -> Nucleotide Analogue -> DNA Polymerization

Cancer Rx in a Nutshell

Target: Nucleotides, Polymerases, Nucleases
Cell Cycle: G1-Pu/Py Sy (40%)/S-DNA Syn (39%)/G2-Proof Rd (19%)
Loner: Spindles, M-Mitosis (2%), Vinca Alkaloids (i.e. Neurotoxic!)

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)

Face
Demyelination
Posterior Cerebellar Artery Occlusion

Insulin Resistance

Fibrates, None, TZD's
PPAR-gamma
PPAR-(alpha, beta/delta, gamma): 12q12-13.1, 6p21.2-21.1, 3p25

Rx of vWD

Endothelium
vWF release
Desmopressin (DDAVP): synthetic analogue [analogue of vasopressin]

HBV associated HCC

{HBeAg + Time} - [Entecavir/LMV] = HCC

HBV Infection

ALT/AST/GGT, Albumin/Bilirubin/Estrogens
HBeAg -> HBcAg -> HBsAg
HBeAb, HBcAb, HBsAb

IL28B gene -> INF-3

A Major Factor in Host Immune Clearance of HCV
Encodes the type III interferon IFN-3
SNP (rs12979860) 3 kilobases upstream of the IL28B gene